高中定語從句what
高中定語從句what
1）of what 引導的名詞性從句，可以變成that或who,which引導的定語從句
A)
Based on this dream, Mary wrote the draft of what is now chapter 13 of the book.
依據這個夢，Mary寫了這本書第十三章的草稿。
這個句子可以變成定語從句，用that或which 代替of what
Based on this dream, Mary wrote the draft that is now chapter 13 of the book.
Based on this dream, Mary wrote the draft which is now chapter 13 of the book.
B）
He is not the person of what we are looking for. 這個是介詞賓語從句，變成定語就是of what 變成who/that/whom或什么都不加。
He is not the person that we are looking for.
He is not the person who we are looking for.
He is not the person whom we are looking for.
He is not the person we are looking for.
2）what引導的名詞性從句有兩種意思。
A）一種是什么。
I wonder what he is hiding.
我想知道他在隱藏什么。
She does not know what is romance.
她不知道什么是浪漫
She has never so badly wanted to know what her mother has been avoiding?
她從來沒有如此強烈的想知道她的媽媽一直在逃避什么。
B）what的另外一個意思是...的，相當于the thing/ all that 的定語從句。
He does not give me what I always long for.
他沒有給我我一直渴望的。
這里的what 可以變成the thing that，（that可以省略）/, all that
He does not give me the thing （that ）I always long for.這個就是定語從句，the thing 是先行詞
He does not give me all (that ) I always long for.
all是先行詞的定語從句。
What能引導的特殊定語從句
對于定語從句這一塊，大部分同學對于基本的which, who, that引導的從句并不陌生，但是對于what這個詞，大部分老師都會說what不能引導定語從句。只能說它不是一般的定從，而是一個先行詞和關系代詞的`結合體，因此關于what引導的定語從句，前面本身都不應該再出現先行詞。換句話說，如果句中已有先行詞，就一定不能用what引導。比如錯句：You can have everything what you like. 這里中what該詞前已經有了先行詞everything，所以不能用what引導。
另一句：Those activities became what he calls “electronic heroin”。這句中what在從句中作謂語calls的賓語，或者更具體的是充當賓語補足語，而這個what相當于the activities that，即一個先行詞和關系代詞的結合體。但是另從結構上來說，what從句是充當became的表語，也就是相當于名詞從句中的表語從句。所以該句既可看做是what引導的特殊定語從句，又可充當名詞性從句。
關于what的先行詞，它的作用類似于that，既可指物，又可指人。What都是單獨使用的，即其后沒有接名詞連用。在06年閱讀第三篇中有這么一句話：Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught.后面這句話中that是該句的主語，means 是謂語動詞， 其后有一個省略了that引導的賓語從句，從句的謂語動詞為is being caught. 主語為a higher proportion of what is in the sea, 其中what is in the sea是做of的賓語，而不是what這個詞做of的賓語，這里what前沒有先行詞，且what用來指物。所以what is in the sea翻譯成海洋生物，整句就變成了”那就意味著更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕撈。”
另外what如果后面接的是名詞的話，那就意味著what類似于做定從中的關系形容詞，翻譯成“所有的……，盡可能多的……”。如：The accident completely wiped out what little sight he had left. 這次事故讓他僅有的一點視力也喪失了。
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