在項目中,在使用哈希表時,有時會需要Override GetHashCode,C# GetHashCode 的實現方式。這里給出一種普遍的做法:
版本1:
實現一個helper,傳遞類型T,返回這個類型的hashcode。函數邏輯很直接,只是做了null check而已;如果obj不為空,則直接使用obj的hash code。
public class HashHelper{private int _seed = 17;public int Hash<t>(T obj){// why 31?// https://computinglife.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/why-do-hash-functions-use-prime-numbers/// shortly, to reduce the conflict of hashing key's distrabutionreturn 31 * _seed + ((obj == null) ? -1 : obj.GetHashCode());}}</t>
為什么使用了magic number 31? 使用素數乘積可以相對增加唯一性,減少哈希鍵值分配時的沖突;而31則是為了編譯器優化的考慮(有效的轉換為i<<5-1)。大概搜了一下,這種實現方式來自JAVA中string 的hash code函數。這里有詳細介紹:
https://computinglife.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/why-do-hash-functions-use-prime-numbers/
實現版本2:
可以擴展這個類成為流暢接口,它可以hash各種類型的,對于值類型來說,重載的意義在于減少裝箱;對于集合或泛型,則為了讓外部調用更自然,可讀性更強,電腦資料《C# GetHashCode 的實現方式》(https://www.unjs.com)。
public class HashFluent{private int _seed = 17;private int _hashContext;public HashFluent Hash<t>(T obj){// why 31?// https://computinglife.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/why-do-hash-functions-use-prime-numbers/// shortly, to reduce the conflict of hashing key's distrabution_hashContext = 31 * _seed + ((obj == null) ? -1 : obj.GetHashCode());return this;}public HashFluent Hash(int? value){_hashContext = 31 * _seed + ((value == null) ? -1 : value.GetHashCode());return this;}public HashFluent Hash(IEnumerable sequence){if (sequence == null){_hashContext = 31 * _hashContext + -1;}else{foreach (var element in sequence){_hashContext = 31 * _hashContext + ((element == null) ? -1 : element.GetHashCode());}}return this;}public override int GetHashCode (){return _hashContext;}// add more overridings here ..// add value types overridings to avoid boxing which is important}</t>